1.DECLARE WAR ON YOUR ENEMIES: THE POLARITY STRATEGY
Life is endless battle and conflict, and you cannot fight effectively unless you can identify your enemies. People are seldom directly hostile. The rules of engagement — social, political, or otherwise — have changed, and so must our notions of the enemy. Learn to smoke out your enemies, to spot them by the signs and patterns that reveal hostility. Then, once you have them in your sights, inwardly declare war. Your enemies can fill you with purpose and direction.
2. DO NOT FIGHT THE LAST WAR: THE GUERRILLA-WAR-OF-THE MIND STRATEGY
What most often weighs you down and brings you misery is the past. You must consciously wage war against the past and force yourself to react to the present moment. Be ruthless on yourself; do not repeat the same tired methods. Wage guerrilla war on your mind, allowing no static lines of defense- -make everything fluid and mobile.
3. AMIDST THE TURMOIL OF EVENTS, DO NOT LOSE YOUR PRESENCE OF MIND: THE COUNTERBALANCE STRATEGY
In the heat of battle, the mind tends to lose its balance. It is vital to keep your presence of mind, maintaining your mental powers, whatever the circumstances. Make the mind tougher by exposing it to adversity. Learn to detach yourself from the chaos of the battlefield.
4. CREATE A SENSE OF URGENCY AND DESPERATION: THE DEATH GROUND STRATEGY
You are your own worst enemy. You waste precious time dreaming of the future instead of engaging in the present. Cut your ties to the past; enter unknown territory. Place yourself on "death ground," where your back is against the wall and you have to fight like hell to get out alive.
PART II ORGANIZATIONAL WARFARE
5. AVOID THE SNARES OF GROUPTHINK: THE COMMAND-AND CONTROL STRATEGY
The problem in leading any group is that people inevitably have their own agendas. You have to create a chain of command in which they do not feel constrained by your influence yet follow your lead. Create a sense of participation, but do not fall into groupthink--the irrationality of collective decision making.
6. SEGMENT YOUR FORCES: THE CONTROLLED-CHAOS STRATEGY
The critical elements in war are speed and adaptability--the ability to move and make decisions faster than the enemy. Break your forces into independent groups that can operate on their own. Make your forces elusive and unstoppable by infusing them with the spirit of the campaign, giving them a mission to accomplish, and then letting them run.
7. TRANSFORM YOUR WAR INTO A CRUSADE: MORALE STRATEGIES
The secret to motivating people and maintaining their morale is to get them to think less about themselves and more about the group. Involve them in a cause, a crusade against a hated enemy. Make them see their survival as tied to the success of the army as a whole.
PART III DEFENSIVE WARFARE
8. PICK YOUR BATTLES CAREFULLY: THE PERFECT-ECONOMY STRATEGY
We all have limitations--our energies and skills will take us only so far. You must know your limits and pick your battles carefully. Consider the hidden costs of a war: time lost, political goodwill squandered, an embittered enemy bent on revenge. Sometimes it is better to wait, to undermine your enemies covertly rather than hitting them straight on.
9. TURN THE TABLES: THE COUNTERATTACK STRATEGY
Moving first--initiating the attack--will often put you at a disadvantage: You are exposing your strategy and limiting your options. Instead, discover the power of holding back and letting the other side move first, giving you the flexibility to counterattack from any angle. If your opponents are aggressive, bait them into a rash attack that will leave them in a weak position.
10. CREATE A THREATENING PRESENCE: DETERRENCE STRATEGIES
The best way to fight off aggressors is to keep them from attacking you in the first place. Build up a reputation: You're a little crazy. Fighting you is not worth it. Uncertainty is sometimes better than overt threat: If your opponents are never sure what messing with you will cost, they will not want to find out.
11. TRADE SPACE FOR TIME: THE NONENGAGEMENT STRATEGY
Retreat in the face of a strong enemy is a sign not of weakness but of strength. By resisting the temptation to respond to an aggressor, you buy yourself valuable time--time to recover, to think, to gain perspective. Sometimes you can accomplish most by doing nothing.
PART IV OFFENSIVE WARFARE
12. LOSE BATTLES BUT WIN THE WAR: GRAND STRATEGY
Grand strategy is the art of looking beyond the battle and calculating ahead. It requires that you focus on your ultimate goal and plot to reach it. Let others get caught up in the twists and turns of the battle, relishing their little victories. Grand strategy will bring you the ultimate reward: the last laugh.
13. KNOW YOUR ENEMY: THE INTELLIGENCE STRATEGY
The target of your strategies should be less the army you face than the mind of the man or woman who runs it. If you understand how that mind works, you have the key to deceiving and controlling it. Train yourself to read people, picking up the signals they unconsciously send about their innermost thoughts and intentions.
14. OVERWHELM RESISTANCE WITH SPEED AND SUDDENNESS: THE SHOCK-AND-AWE STRATEGY
In a world in which many people are indecisive and overly cautious, the use of speed will bring you untold power. Striking first, before your opponents have time to think or prepare, will make them emotional, unbalanced, and prone to error.
15. CONTROL THE DYNAMIC: FORCING STRATEGIES
People are constantly struggling to control you. The only way to get the upper hand is to make your play for control more intelligent and insidious. Instead of trying to dominate the other side's every move, work to define the nature of the relationship itself. Maneuver to control your opponents' minds, pushing their emotional buttons and compelling them to make mistakes.
16. HIT THEM WHERE IT HURTS: THE CENTER-OF-GRAVITY STRATEGY
Everyone has a source of power on which he or she depends. When you look at your rivals, search below the surface for that source, the center of gravity that holds the entire structure together. Hitting them there will inflict disproportionate pain. Find what the other side most cherishes and protects-- that is where you must strike.
17. DEFEAT THEM IN DETAIL: THE DIVIDE-AND-CONQUER STRATEGY
Never be intimidated by your enemy's appearance. Instead, look at the parts that make up the whole. By separating the parts, sowing dissension and division, you can bring down even the most formidable foe. When you are facing troubles or enemies, turn a large problem into small, eminently defeatable parts.
18. EXPOSE AND ATTACK YOUR OPPONENT'S SOFT FLANK: THE TURNING STRATEGY
When you attack people directly, you stiffen their resistance and make your task that much harder. There is a better way: Distract your opponents' attention to the front, then attack them from the side, where they least expect it. Bait people into going out on a limb, exposing their weakness, then rake them with fire from the side.
19. ENVELOP THE ENEMY: THE ANNIHILATION STRATEGY
People will use any kind of gap in your defenses to attack you. So offer no gaps. The secret is to envelop your opponents--create relentless pressure on them from all sides and close off their access to the outside world. As you sense their weakening resolve, crush their willpower by tightening the noose.
20. MANEUVER THEM INTO WEAKNESS: THE RIPENING-FOR-THE SICKLE STRATEGY
No matter how strong you are, fighting endless battles with people is exhausting, costly, and unimaginative. Wise strategists prefer the art of maneuver: Before the battle even begins, they find ways to put their opponents in positions of such weakness that victory is easy and quick. Create dilemmas: Devise maneuvers that give them a choice of ways to respond-all of them bad.
21. NEGOTIATE WHILE ADVANCING: THE DIPLOMATIC-WAR STRATEGY
Before and during negotiations, you must keep advancing, creating relentless pressure and compelling the other side to settle on your terms. The more you take, the more you can give back in meaningless concessions. Create a reputation for being tough and uncompromising, so that people are back on their heels before they even meet you.
22. KNOW HOW TO END THINGS: THE EXIT STRATEGY
You are judged in this world by how well you bring things to an end. A messy or incomplete conclusion can reverberate for years to come. The art of ending things well is knowing when to stop. The height of strategic wisdom is to avoid all conflicts and entanglements from which there are no realistic exits.
PART V UNCONVENTIONAl WARFARE
23. WEAVE A SEAMLESS BLEND OF FACT AND FICTION: MISPERCEPTION STRATEGIES
Since no creature can survive without the ability to see or sense what is going on around it, make it hard for your enemies to know what is going on around them, including what you are doing. Feed their expectations, manufacture a reality to match their desires, and they will fool themselves. Control people's perceptions of reality and you control them.
24. TAKE THE LINE OF LEAST EXPECTATION: THE ORDINARY EXTRAORDINARY STRATEGY
People expect your behavior to conform to known patterns and conventions. Your task as a strategist is to upset their expectations. First do something ordinary and conventional to fix their image of you, then hit them with the extraordinary. The terror is greater for being so sudden. Sometimes the ordinary is extraordinary because it is unexpected.
25. OCCUPY THE MORAL HIGH GROUND: THE RIGHTEOUS STRATEGY
In a political world, the cause you are fighting for must seem more just than the enemy's. By questioning your opponents' motives and making them appear evil, you can narrow their base of support and room to maneuver. When you yourself come under moral attack from a clever enemy, do not whine or get angry; fight fire with fire.
26. DENY THEM TARGETS: THE STRATEGY OF THE VOID
The feeling of emptiness or void--silence, isolation, nonengagement with others--is for most people intolerable. Give your enemies no target to attack, be dangerous but elusive, then watch as they chase you into the void. Instead of frontal battles, deliver irritating but damaging side attacks and pinprick bites.
27. SEEM TO WORK FOR THE INTERESTS OF OTHERS WHILE FURTHERING YOUR OWN: THE ALLIANCE STRATEGY
The best way to advance your cause with the minimum of effort and bloodshed is to create a constantly shifting network of alliances, getting others to compensate for your deficiencies, do your dirty work, fight your wars. At the same time, you must work to sow dissension in the alliances of others, weakening your enemies by isolating them.
28. GIVE YOUR RIVALS ENOUGH ROPE TO HANG THEMSELVES WITH: THE ONE-UPMANSHIP STRATEGY
Life's greatest dangers often come not from external enemies but from our supposed colleagues and friends who pretend to work for the common cause while scheming to sabotage us. Work to instill doubts and insecurities in such rivals, getting them to think too much and act defensively. Make them hang themselves through their own self-destructive tendencies, leaving you blameless and clean.
29. TAKE SMALL BITES: THE FAIT ACCOMPLI STRATEGY
Overt power grabs and sharp rises to the top are dangerous, creating envy, distrust, and suspicion. Often the best solution is to take small bites, swallow little territories, playing upon people's relatively short attention spans. Before people realize it, you have accumulated an empire.
30. PENETRATE THEIR MINDS: COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
Communication is a kind of war, its field of battle the resistant and defensive minds of the people you want to influence. The goal is to penetrate their defenses and occupy their minds. Learn to infiltrate your ideas behind enemy lines, sending messages through little details, luring people into coming to the conclusions you desire and into thinking they've gotten there by themselves.
31. DESTROY FROM WITHIN: THE INNER-FRONT STRATEGY
By infiltrating your opponents' ranks, working from within to bring them down, you give them nothing to see or react against--the ultimate advantage. To take something you want, do not fight those who have it, but rather join them--then either slowly make it your own or wait for the moment to stage a coup d'etat.
32. DOMINATE WHILE SEEMING TO SUBMIT: THE PASSIVE AGGRESSION STRATEGY
In a world where political considerations are paramount, the most effective form of aggression is the best hidden one: aggression behind a compliant, even loving exterior. To follow the passive-aggression strategy you must seem to go along with people, offering no resistance. But actually you dominate the situation. Just make sure you have disguised your aggression enough that you can deny it exists.
33. SOW UNCERTAINTY AND PANIC THROUGH ACTS OF TERROR: THE CHAIN-REACTION STRATEGY
Terror is the ultimate way to paralyze a people's will to resist and destroy their ability to plan a strategic response. The goal in a terror campaign is not battlefield victory but causing maximum chaos and provoking the other side into desperate overreaction. To plot the most effective counterstrategy, victims of terror must stay balanced. One's rationality is the last line of defense.
32 PRINCIPLES OF FIGHTING
1. Connection Principle Connection refers to being as close to your opponent as possible, both in terms of attacking and defending. Connection refers to creating movement, preventing movement, or predicting movement. All of these are possible because you’re able to feel even the tiniest shifts in your opponent positioning by leaving no space between you and them.
Basically, all of the following principles are forms of connection with your opponent.
2. Detachment Principle Achieving optimal efficiency in transitions through deliberate connections from your opponent. In other words, know when to let go in order to achieve a strategic goal. Holding on for dear life does not translate to better control.
3. Distance Principle Distance has the role of neutralizing the application of a technique against you by disrupting the optimal distance from which it is applied. Managing distance makes it impossible for the opponent to attack effectively. It will help you understand how to stay safe and attack more efficiently.
4. Pyramid Principle Optimizing connections with the ground and with your opponent to maximize balance and control at all times. This one has to do with your center of gravity and being constantly aware of where it is in relation to both the ground and your opponent. The goal is to be like a pyramid, well-balanced and impervious to attack from every angle.
5. Creation Principle Using targeted actions to force specific reactions in your favor is the core of the Creation Principle. This one is all about the art of counter-attacking. Create openings by making your opponents react in a predictable way. The principle is very interestingly presented as “be first, and be third”.
6. Acceptance Principle The acceptance Principle means being first to accept the inevitability of action so that you are best prepared for the outcome. Sometimes, you can’t do what you want, and the opponent will get their move, let them, so that you can control the outcome rather than be forced into it.
7. Velocity Principle Constantly changing your operational speed to confuse and overwhelm your opponent. Being fast all the time is predictable. So is being slow. Instead, break your rhythm and constantly change the speed at which you execute your moves. Alternating between “fast and loose” and “slow and tight”.
8. Clock Principle Disrupting the anticipated timing of your opponent’s techniques to reduce or eliminate their effectiveness. If you understand what is happening, you can guess the timing of a move or technique, and do your best to stop it or capitalize on it using the “Creating” principle, for example.
9. River Principle Bypassing resistance by flowing around it. Instead of trying to power through your opponent, go around them. If they’re focused on stopping one thing, go around like a river flows around a rock, and attack with something else.
10. Frame Principle Substituting strength with structure from every position in the fight. Instead of focusing on your muscles to do the work, use your entire body to achieve mechanically superiority, whether you’re looking to create space, or take it away.
11. Kuzushi Principle Breaking your opponent’s balance in your favor. If there’s one thing that’s really important here it is the last part of the definition “in your favor”. Focus on deliberate, precise ways in which you can affect your opponent’s center of gravity, using the Pyramid principle against them.
12. Reconnaissance Principle Gathering information about your opponent’s behavior for use against them. Every exchange allows you to learn something about your opponent’s preferred approach. This is information you can use against them, preferably paired with the Clock principle.
13. Prevention Principle Putting your opponent’s objectives before your own to prevent their progress. The 13th principle addresses how to stop opponents from executing what they’re looking for. How? By provoking an overreaction that will open up a counter-attacking opportunity for yourself.
14. Tension Principle Capitalizing on the offensive and defensive opportunities enabled by tension. When two points are connected, there is tension. keeping it or letting go of it can help you achieve your goal. It is all about determining which is the right course of action at a given moment.
15. Fork Principle Creating positional dilemmas that force your opponent to choose how they lose. The “your money or your life principle”. Make your opponents choose the “least bad” option for them. For example, threatening with indirect and direct engagement at the same time.
16. Posture Principle Neutralizing a technique by disrupting the optimal posture from where it is applied. Posture plays a role – it is the alignment of your vertebrae. Break this alignment and you will make opponents significantly weaker.
17. False Surrender Principle Feigning surrender so that your opponent lets their guard down. Pretending to accept a bad position or allow entry into a submission hold does not mean you’re actually giving up. Tricky, but very efficient and highly-reliable principle.
18. Depletion Principle Draining your opponent’s physical and mental energy using targeted actions and connections. If two opponents are equally skilled, conditioning will determine who wins. The depletion principle helps you exhaust opponents while staying fresh yourself. It involves using moves that save your energy while burning lots of your opponent’s energy at the same time.
19. Isolation Principle Tactically contain one or more of your opponent’s 'limbs' for your advantage. Restrict mobility by neutralizing a certain 'limb'. For example, isolating an enemy mortar section.
20. Sacrifice Principle Give up something of actual or perceived value to gain a tactical advantage in another form. When you can’t seem to gain ground, you’ll have to think in terms of chess- lose a battle but win the war. Be careful not to give up too much though, or this principle could backfire!
21. Momentum Principle Capitalizing on mass in motion to maximize efficiency against your opponent. Either make the most of momentum that is already there, or create momentum in order to facilitate your own attacks/escapes.
22. Pivot Principle Increase the effectiveness of a technique by changing the angle of its application. He who dominates the angle will dominate the fight. Pivoting helps you change angles in order to get the best one for executing a technique of your choice.
23. Tagalong Principle Seizing the “free rides” in the fight to save your energy while depleting the opponents. Goes hand in hand with the Depletion principle. Basically, it is all about surfing on your opponent from top or allowing them to pull you from the bottom in order to achieve a better position, and conserve energy.
24. Overload Principle Disproportionate application of your resources to target a specific part of your opponent’s force. This one is something you already know.
25. Anchor Principle Pinning any part of your opponent to a surface to inhibit mobility. It works in terms of pinning an opponent to a surface, the opponent to you, you to your opponent, and the opponent to themselves.
26. Ratchet Principle Creating persistent incremental advancements in one direction while preventing motion in the opposite direction. Ratcheting can be done in a “micro-ratchet” or “macro-ratchet” fashion. The former refers to moving parts of your force while the latter involves moving the entire force. The key moment is that once you move, you set up in a way that prevents the opponent from moving you back.
27. Buoyancy Principle Capitalizing on offensive and defensive surfacing opportunities throughout the fight. What is buoyancy? it is the upward force that prevents an object from sinking into a fluid. This means successfully getting a top position when you’re on the bottom, or retaining a top position when you have it.
28. Head Control Principle Controlling your opponent’s head to limit or direct their movement. Where the head looks, the body will follow. Explore the different ways in which the 'head' can help you control an opponent. This principle has both offensive and defensive applications.
29. Redirection Principle Reducing your opponent’s effectiveness by controlling the direction of their energy. Instead of fighting force with force, redirect your opponent by changing the angle or intercepting their energy.
30. Mobility Principle Moving yourself when your opponent cannot be moved. Can you move a wall away from you by pushing it? How about moving yourself away from the wall, like doing a push up? Recognizing when to move your opponent, and when to move yourself will make Jiu-Jitsu a lot easier for you.
31. Centerline Principle Limiting your opponent’s potential by taking control of their centerline. By either “splitting” or “breaking” the opponent, you can make them weak and susceptible to your attacks.
32. Grandmaster Principle Using the 32 principles to continuously improve. Constantly adjust and evolve your tactics in whatever you do to make it work for you.